LOC : Location record (RFC 1876)
Specifies a geographical location associated with a domain name

OPT : Option (RFC 2671)
This is a 'pseudo DNS record type' needed to support EDNS

TXT : Text record (RFC 1035)
Originally for arbitrary human-readable text in a DNS record. Since the early 1990s, however, this record more often carries machine-readable data, such as specified by RFC 1464, opportunistic encryption, Sender Policy Framework, DomainKeys, DNS-SD, etc.

DS : Delegation signer (RFC 4034)
The record used to identify the DNSSEC signing key of a delegated zone

A : address record (RFC 1035)
Returns a 32-bit IPv4 address, most commonly used to map hostnames to an IP address of the host, but also used for DNSBLs, storing subnet masks in RFC 1101, etc.

TSIG : Transaction Signature (RFC 2845)
Record that supports one set of security mechanisms for DNS. Used to secure communication between DNS resolvers and Name servers, in contrast to DNSSEC, which secures the actual DNS records from the authoritative name server.

NSEC : Next-Secure record (RFC 4034)
Part of DNSSEC—used to prove a name does not exist. Uses the same format as the (obsolete) NXT record.

SSHFP : SSH Public Key Fingerprint (RFC 4255)
Resource record for publishing SSH public host key fingerprints in the DNS System, in order to aid in verifying the authenticity of the host.

TKEY : Transaction Key (RFC 2930)
One way of providing a key to be used with TSIG

HIP : Host Identity Protocol (RFC 5205)
Method of separating the end-point identifier and locator roles of IP addresses.

AFSDB : AFS database record (RFC 1183)
Location of database servers of an AFS cell. This record is commonly used by AFS clients to contact AFS cells outside their local domain. A subtype of this record is used by the obsolete DCE/DFS file system.

AXFR : Full Zone Transfer (RFC 1035)
Transfer entire zone file from the master name server to secondary name servers.

TA : DNSSEC Trust Authorities (None)
Part of a deployment proposal for DNSSEC without a signed DNS root. See the IANA database and Weiler Spec] for details. Uses the same format as the DS record.

SPF : SPF record (RFC 4408)
Specified as part of the SPF protocol, as an alternative to storing SPF data in TXT records. Uses the same format as the TXT record.

IPSECKEY : IPSEC Key (RFC 4025)
Key record that can be used with IPSEC

SOA : start of authority record (RFC 1035)
Specifies authoritative information about a DNS zone, including the primary name server, the email of the domain administrator, the domain serial number, and several timers relating to refreshing the zone.

SRV : Service locator (RFC 2782)
Generalized service location record, used for newer protocols instead of creating protocol-specific records such as MX.

NAPTR : Naming Authority Pointer (RFC 3403)
Allows regular expression based rewriting of domain names which can then be used as URIs, further domain names to lookups, etc.